Download Full Journal
Original Research Article
EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INTERNAL DERANGEMENT AND EFFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT PAIN- AN IMAGING STUDY
Author Name: Anis Ahmed, Prashanth Shenai K, LaxmiKanth Chatra, Shibu Thomas, Bilahari N, Sreeja P. Kumar.
Abstract: Background & Objectives: Among Temporomandibular
disorders (TMD) Disc displacement (DD) is the most common disorder. The
objective of this study was to determine the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
findings of DD and effusion in patients with unilateral TMJ pain and also to assess
the relationship between TMJ pain, position of Disc and effusion.
Methods: A bilateral MRI study was conducted on 15 patients who had unilateral
TMJ pain such that the contra lateral TMJ served as control. All patients were
clinically examined and the intensity of pain was recorded. The patients were
subjected to MRI by a 0.4 T MR scanners in open and closed mouth position. The
images obtained were then interpreted by a radiologist.
Results: A total of 30 TMJ’s were imaged; 15of which were symptomatic and 15
asymptomatic. A significant correlation was found between the presence of DD
and TMJ pain (p<0.005). No significant findings were noted on effusion
causing TMJ pain. There was no difference in the intensity of pain and between
DD with reduction and DD without reduction. The intensity of pain in the TMJ
having effusion was not significant when compared to the intensity of pain in
the TMJ’s not having effusion.
Interpretation &
Conclusion: Based on the study TMJ pain is always associated with DD but not
necessarily with TMJ effusion. Also the intensity of pain does not differ much
based on the position of Disc or presence of effusion.
Keywords: Temporomandibular disorders; Disc displacement, Joint effusion; Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN DAVANGERE CITY, KARNATAKA, INDIA- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
Author Name: Pooja Latti, Simpy Mittal, Prashant GM, Chandu GN, Girish Chour
Abstract: Background: The new wave of nosocomial infections
arising from various medical settings as well as other related environment has
been of much concern for some time. The fact that blood and other fluids from
patients are becoming increasingly hazardous to those who provide care for them
had become of great concern to public health professionals the world over. This
study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of universal
precautions by nursing students in Davangere city, Karnataka, India.
Methodology:
A total of 300 students
studying in two Nursing Colleges of Davangere city were
included in the questionnaire based survey. Among 300 nursing students, 231 were females and 69
were males.
Results: Out of the 300
respondents, 78.7% respondents claimed knowledge about universal precautions. 54.3%
reported classroom lectures and 18.7% said personal reading of books/journals
as their source of knowledge. Less than 50% wore aprons, face mask and gloves
while examining all patients. Over 90% of the students felt that a nursing student needs more education
about universal precautions.
Conclusion: The study revealed a
low level of awareness regarding the universal precautions. Continuing
educational programs and lectures directed towards universal precautions are
highly recommended to increase the awareness and provide updated information on
the same.
Keywords: Universal Precautions, Health Care Workers, Blood Borne Infections, Knowledge, Practice.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EASY REMOVAL OF DENTAL CASTS FROM ALGINATE IMPRESSIONS USING DIFFERENT BRANDS OF DENTAL STONE – AN IN VITRO STUDY
Author Name: AV Pius, Seema George, Meenu Merry C. Paul, Sanju John Jolly, Cinil Mathew, Prashant Prathap
Abstract: Background:The fracture of teeth on removal of
dental stone models from an alginate impression is a common phenomenon.
Fabrication of a restoration on a fractured prepared tooth leads to
inaccuracies in the finished prosthesis. The objective of this study was to
comparatively evaluate different brands of dental stone regarding easy removal
of dental casts from alginate impressions.
Methodology: Three commercially available brands of
dental stone were evaluated using three different tests namely static loading, continuous
loading using electronic digital luggage scale, and intermittent loading using
a crown remover, and the load applied was recorded.
Results: In all the three tests one of the dental
stone brands which contains a modifier required less load to be removed from
the alginate impression.
Conclusion: In all the three tests one of the dentalstone brands which contains a modifier required lessload to be removed from the alginate impression.
Keywords: Dental stone, alginate impression
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS – AN IN VITRO STUDY
Author Name: Mahesh Kumar M., Prasanna Kumar R. K., Roopa Mahesh, B. Karthikeyan
Abstract: Introduction: Many essential oils have
been advocated for use in complementary medicine for bacterial and fungal
infections. However few of the many
claims of therapeutic efficacy have been validated adequately by either in
vitro testing or in vivo clinical trials.
Objective: To study the antifungal activity of nine
commercially available essential oils against Candida albicans in vitro and to compare the antifungal activity
between each material.
Methodology: Nine pure essential oils; wintergreen
oil, lime oil, cinnamon oil, spearmint oil, peppermint oil, lemongrass oil,
cedarwood oil, clove oil and eucalyptus oil were selected for the
study. Candida albicans was inoculated at 37˚C and seeded on Sabourauds dextrose agar medium.
Sterilized filter paper saturated with the oils were placed on the seeded agar plates
and inoculated for 48 hours. Zone of inhibition were measured around the filter
paper in millimeters with vernier caliper.
Results: Cinnamon oil showed highest activity against
Candida albicans followed by Lemongrass oil and cedarwood
oil. Wintergreen oil, lime oil, peppermint oil and spearmint oil showed no
antifungal activity.
Conclusion: The use of these essential oils against
Candida can be a viable alternative to other antifungal agents as these are an
effective module used in the control of both bacteria and yeasts responsible
for oral infections.
Keywords: Candida albicans, anti fungal property, disc diffusion, essential oils.
‘INDIVIDUAL VARIATION OF SALIVARY FACTORS AND ITS VARIATION IN RELATION TO DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE AMONG TWELVE YEAR OLD RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DAVANGERE CITY’- A SIX MONTHS FOLLOW UP STUDY
Author Name: Subramaniam R, Simpy Mittal, Mahesh Hiregoudar, Sakeenabi B., Prashant GM, Chandu GN
Abstract: Background: Salivary counts of Mutans
Streptococci and Lactobacilli, combined with the measurement of salivary flow
rate and buffer effect are frequently used for diagnostic and predictive
purposes in cariology. The intra and inter individual variation is particularly
important at the time of tooth emergence, which allows new tooth surfaces to
become colonized. Thus there is a need of combination of diagnostic tests to
target high risk caries groups. The purpose of the present study
was to evaluate the variations in salivary factors (salivary flow rate,
buffering capacity, Mutans streptococci counts and Lactobacilli
counts) among children with different caries experience, to evaluate individual
variations of salivary factors at different time intervals.
Methodology: A six month follow up study was conducted among
ninety school children aged between 12 and 13 years, from a residential school
in Davangere city. The study subjects were grouped according to their caries
experience. Resting saliva was collected from the study subjects. Salivary flow rate
was expressed in ml / min. Salivary
buffering capacity was assessed using Ericsson’s method modified for smaller
volumes. Mutans Streptococci was quantified in the laboratory by culturing on
Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar and Lactobacilli by culturing on Rogosa SL
agar. Follow up samples were taken at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Statistical analysis
was done using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests.
Results: All the salivary factors studied showed significant relationship
with caries experience. No significant variation was observed over a period of
24 weeks.
Conclusion: The study indicated that the salivary variables studied are a
valuable diagnostic tool to assess caries experience and predict caries risk.
Keywords: Caries, caries experience, flow rate, buffering capacity, Mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli.
EXPLORING ORAL HYGIENE PRACTICES AND PERIODONTAL STATUS OF FISHERMEN POPULATION OF MAHE – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Author Name: Anzil K. S. Ali, Peter Simon Sequeira, Jithesh Jain, Mahesh H., Vivek S., Supreetha S.
Abstract: Background: Oral Health Status of humanity is largely reliant on
factors like social status, cultural values, standard of living, habits etc.
Poor oral hygiene paired with disturbances in social environment can incline to
various oral health problems. Fishermen are people living in isolation with
their traditional values, practices, beliefs and myth intact. The fisher folk
community of our country belongs to lower socioeconomic class, they reside in
defined geographic area along the coastline.
Objectives: The objectives of the
study were to assess the oral hygiene practices and periodontal status of the
fisher folk communities of Mahe.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted among a proportionate
sample of 362 fishermen population in 15 wards of entire Mahe municipality.
Prior permission was obtained from secretary of fishermen co-operative society.
The oral health practices were measured using a pretested questionnaire. The
periodontal status was recorded on the WHO oral health assessment form 1997
(modified) and the examination was carried out under natural light by using
mouth mirrors and CPI probe.
Results: Among the study participants, only 37.84%
had healthy periodontal status, 45.3% used tooth brush and tooth paste for
cleaning their teeth, 53.3% brushed once daily, 79.2% had mouth rinsing habit
after eating, 91.9% had tongue cleaning habit, 39.7% used tooth picks as oral
hygiene aids, 45.2%
brushed their teeth both at morning and night.
Conclusion: Periodontal disease which is highly prevalent in the community can be
minimized by appropriate interventions such as oral health education and oral
prophylaxis. Regarding oral hygiene practices, the use of toothbrush and
toothpaste was reported by the majority, but there is a lack of knowledge among
them about the proper hygiene practices.
Keywords: Fishermen, Oral hygiene, Periodontitis, Mahe
Review Articles
SERUM TUMOR MARKERS IN ORAL CANCER – A BRIEF REVIEW
Author Name: Jithin Jose, Niveditha Baiju, Pramod Mathews, Skariah K.S
Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour in the oral and maxillofacial region. It is the sixth most common malignancy and is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. OSCC accounts for 95% of malignant lesions of the mouth and is a major problem worldwide. The relative prevalence of oral SCC is 3–5% of all cancer. Serum tumor markers are defined as proteins with carbohydrate or lipid domains that are found circulating in blood and/or various other body fluids. Their appearance and changing concentrations are associated with the development and growth of malignant tumors. Serum or biochemical tumor markers constitute a variety of heterogenous substances that show quantitative changes during tumor development. These serum tumor markers have been used as prognostic markers for tumor recurrence or metastasis, e.g., CEA, SCCAg, Cyfra 21-1, TPS, etc. The purpose of this article is an attempt to review various serum tumor markers role in diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer
Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Serum tumor marker, Squamous cell carcinoma antigen, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Tissue polypeptide antigen, Tissue polypeptide specific antigen, Cyfra 21-1
DENTAL ERGONOMICS: A REVIEW
Author Name: Amit V. Mahuli, Simpy Mittal Mahuli
Abstract: One of the most prevalent types of work-related injuries are musculoskeletal disorders. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) result in persistent pain, loss of functional capacity and work disability, but their initial diagnosis is difficult because they are mainly based on complaints of pain and other symptoms. These disorders are very common in the profession of dentistry. Dentists and dental students often assume awkward physical positions while providing treatment to (a) get a better view of the intraoral cavity; (b) provide a more comfortable position for the patient; and/or (c) operate equipment and reach for instruments and supplies. Also, the disorders are preventable by following simple procedures and taking precautions while working. The field of ergonomics specifically deals with making workplaces more comfortable to work in and thereby reducing WRMDs. This update provides an overview of the application of ergonomical guidelines in the profession of dentistry.
Keywords: Work-relatedmusculoskeletal disorders, dentistry, ergonomics
A TECHNIQUE FOR MAXILLARY DENTURE DUPLICATION
Author Name: Sanju John Jolly
Abstract: The copy denture technique is one that facilitates the replication of good features of an existing denture. This allows the dentist to offer patients an alternative to being without a denture during a laboratory reline of an existing denture. This article discusses a technique of denture duplication using vinyl polysiloxane impression material.
Keywords: Copy denture, Interim denture, Temporary denture, Duplicate dentures.
GROWTH ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS- AN UPDATE
Author Name: Girish V. Chour, Rashmi G. Chour, Pooja Latti
Abstract: It is important to know the stage of maturation of a patient. Assessing maturational status, whether the pubertal growth spurt of that patient has been reached or completed, can have a considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment goals, treatment planning, and the eventual outcome of orthodontic treatment. This is especially true when clinical considerations are based strongly on the increased or decreased rates of craniofacial growth, such as the timing and use of extra oral traction, the use of functional appliances, extraction vs. non-extraction, the selection and execution of orthodontic retention, and the timing of orthognathic surgery. It is a great challenge therefore to diagnose and to plan an ideal treatment for the cases keeping in mind their growth potential, the present article reviews about the various methods of assessing the growth.
Keywords: growth assessment, maturation, parameters
TEMPORIZATION IN ENDODONTICS - AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN CORONAL LEAKAGE AND SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME
Author Name: Prasanth Dhanapal, Sheena B Prasanth
Abstract: In multivisit endodontic therapy temporization of teeth being treated is mandatory so as to prevent leakage of oral fluids and other contaminants into the cleaned root canal system. Thus provided temporary restorations can be either for a short duration or intended for a longer period of time based on the time taken to complete the treatment. This review article outlines the different temporization material used in endodontics and the rationale behind their usage with a brief outline on different temporization protocols and their importance.
Keywords: Temporary restoration, Endodontic Temporaries, Endodontic Provisionals, Zinc oxide eugenol, Glass Ionomer, Coronal leakage
Case Report
DRUG INDUCED ORAL ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME: A CASE REPORT
Author Name: Rathy Ravindran, Sunil S., Nivia M.
Abstract: Oral erythema multiforme presents with oral and lip ulcerations typical of erythema multiforme but without skin target lesion. The primary attack is confined to oral mucosa but subsequent attacks can produce more severe forms of erythema multiforme involving skin. It is important to distinguish it from other oral ulcerative disorders for early diagnosis and treatment. Here we report a case of oral erythema multiforme induced by drug with literature review.
Keywords: Oral erythema multiforme, drug reactions, lips
Oral erythema multiforme, drug reactions, lips
Author Name: Srilakshmi Vakada, Vidhya Sampath, Ankur Sehgal, Mohan B., Lakshmi Narayanan
Abstract: Endo-perio lesions are common in everyday practice. Palatogingival groove is one such developmental anamoly which contributes to the pathogenesis of endodontic-periodontal lesions. This case report presents two unusual cases of Palatogingival groove. The patient in case 1 presented with a palatogingival groove in relation to left maxillary central incisor which was diagnosed radiographically as extending up to the apical third of the root. A combined endodontic- periodontal management of the tooth was done. The defect was restored with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and the tooth was endodontically treated. The patient in case 2 presented with a similar defect which was diagnosed using spiral CT and treated by root canal therapy and intentional replantation.
Keywords: Endo-perio lesion; Intentional replantation; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Palatogingival groove; Spiral CT
ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA – A REVIEW AND CASE REPORT
Author Name: Archana A. Thomas, Kumar Kavita Krishna, Meera Gopalakrishnan
Abstract: A 3 year old male child described in this report exhibited features of ectodermal dysplasia along with partial anodontia .The treatment attempted to improve his appearance and restore oral functions with fixed functional space maintainers. The results were a significant improvement in confidence, esthetics, speech and function of child and parental satisfaction. Also ability of child to improve dietary habits was noted. This article aims to provide the reader an insight into various modalities of managing child patients with ectodermal dyaplasia.
Keywords: Ectodermal dysplasia; anhydrotic; hypodontia; anodontia;space maintainer
INVERTED AND SEVERELY DILACERATED MESIODENS PREVENTING ERUPTION OF CENTRAL INCISOR: A CASE REPORT
Author Name: Sahana Srinath, Srinath SK., Vishwanath SK, Ritu Singh
Abstract: A ten year old boy came with a chief complaint of unerupted permanent maxillary right central incisor. Deciduous right central and lateral incisors were retained. Radiographic examination revealed an inverted and dilacerated mesiodens with the root bent over the incisal surface of the right central incisor preventing its eruption. An occlusal radiograph and radiographs using shift cone technique were taken to determine the position of the mesiodens. Extraction of retained deciduous incisors was done, followed by surgical removal of mesiodens to allow unhindered eruption of the central incisor.
Keywords: Tooth, Supernumerary, Unerupted
REPAIR OF FURCAL PERFORATION WITH MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE: A CASE REPORT
Author Name: Nevin Thomas BJ, KC Ponnappa, Meera Gopalakrishnan, Dexton Antony Johns
Abstract: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate is a material developed for endodontics that appears to be a significant improvement over other materials for procedures in bone. It is the first restorative material that allows for the overgrowth of cementum and the regeneration of periodontal ligament. The present case report illustrates the use of MTA in treating a case of perforation in the furcation area with long term follow up, that shows repair of the perforation defect and regeneration of the lost periodontium in the furcation area.
Keywords: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, furcation, perforation.